The state averages 27 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes are possible in Minnesota from March through November, but the peak tornado month is June, followed by July, May, and August. The growing season in Minnesota varies from 90 days per year in the Iron Range to 160 days in southeastern Minnesota. Summer high temperatures in Minnesota average in the mid-80s F (30 ☌) in the south to the upper-70s F (25 ☌) in the north, with temperatures as hot as 114 ☏ (46 ☌) possible. These humid conditions initiate thunderstorm activity 30–40 days per year. In summer, heat and humidity predominate in the south, while warm and less humid conditions are generally present in the north. Snowstorms are common early in the spring, but by late-spring as temperatures begin to moderate, the state can experience tornado outbreaks, a risk which diminishes but does not cease through the summer and into the autumn. Spring is a time of major transition in Minnesota. Temperatures as low as −60 ☏ or −51.1 ☌ have occurred during Minnesota winters. Annual snowfall extremes have ranged from over 170 inches or 4.32 metres in the rugged Superior Highlands of the North Shore to as little as 5 inches or 0.13 metres in southern Minnesota. Common storm systems include Alberta clippers or Panhandle hooks some of which develop into blizzards. Snow is the main form of winter precipitation, but freezing rain, sleet, and occasionally rain are all possible during the winter months. Winter in Minnesota is characterized by cold (below freezing) temperatures. On the Köppen climate classification, much of the southern third of Minnesota-roughly from the Twin Cities region southward-falls in the hot summer zone ( Dfa), and the northern two-thirds of Minnesota falls in the warm summer zone ( Dfb). The moderating effect of Lake Superior keeps the surrounding area relatively cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, giving that region a smaller yearly temperature variation. The area near Lake Superior in the Minnesota Arrowhead region experiences weather unique from the rest of the state. Minnesota's location in the Upper Midwest allows it to experience some of the widest variety of weather in the United States, with each of the four seasons having its own distinct characteristics. Minnesota has a humid continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. July 11-12, 2016 (East-Central Minnesota): Cloverton in Pine County recorded 9.34 inches of rain as rainfall from the Brainerd Lakes area moved east into Wisconsin.Köppen climate types of Minnesota, using 1991-2020 climate normals. June 19-20, 2012 (Northeast Minnesota): The two-day rain total in Duluth was 7.24 inches. 23, with 10.68 inches for the total rainfall. 22-23, 2010 (Southern Minnesota): The National Weather Service site in Amboy measured 9.48 inches of rain there Sept. 18-20, 2007 (Southern Minnesota): The 15.10 inches of rain measured one mile south of Hokah stands as the official 24-hour rainfall record at a Minnesota National Weather Service Cooperative station. 14-15, 2004 (Southern Minnesota): More than 10 inches of rain fell in 36 hours in Faribault and Freeborn counties.Īug. June 22-23, 2002 (Northern Minnesota): This event was so large, two different parts of Northern Minnesota met the mega-rainfall definition used by the DNR. June 9-10, 2002 (Northern Minnesota): Rainfall totals topped 12 inches in 48 hours in parts of Roseau and Lake of the Woods counties. July 23-24, 1987 (Twin Cities superstorm): The Twin Cities set a record for most calendar-day precipitation when 9.15 inches of rain fell at Minneapolis-St. June 30-J(Southeast Minnesota): People still remember the flooding that resulted in five deaths after a swath of heavy rains pounded the region. June 28-29 and July 1-2, 1975 (Northwest Minnesota): Widespread and intense rains fell on eastern North Dakota and Northwest Minnesota in two separate events. July 21-22, 1972 (Fort Ripley): The 10.84 inches of rain that fell in 24 hours stood as the state record until 2007. 9-10 1947 (Iron Range): Hibbing reportedly received 8.6 inches of rain in five hours, as one-day totals of 6 inches or more were reported in a widespread area nearby. The storm caused damage in Duluth and killed two children there. July 20-22, 1909 (Northern Minnesota): A one-day rainfall total of 10.75 inches was measured at Beaulieu in Mahnomen County. No exact measurements were recorded, but an estimated 30-36 inches of rain fell in 36 hours. July 17-19, 1867 (West Central Minnesota): Climatologists and historians believe this was Minnesota's most extreme flash flood of the past 200 years. Although there are few events to make a large sample size, these “mega rainfalls” appear to be getting more frequent.
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